Possession: Savigny vs. Ihering
Exam Snapshot
Possession theories are crucial for the TU LLB entrance. Master the distinction between Savigny's subjective theory and Ihering's objective theory, focusing on the concepts of corpus and animus.
Core Concept
- Savigny's Subjective Theory: Possession requires Corpus (physical control) + Animus Domini (intention to hold as owner). Lacking animus domini makes it mere 'detention'.
- Ihering's Objective Theory: Possession is visible control. Animus is inherent in the control. If the law protects this control, it is possession.
Nepal Law Anchors
- Muluki Civil Code, 2074: Adopts a pragmatic approach, protecting de facto possession, though animus remains critical for adverse possession.
Confusable Terms
| Term | Savigny | Ihering |
|---|---|---|
| Possession | Corpus + Animus Domini | Visible Control/Legal Protection |
| Tenant | Detention (No Animus) | Possession (Control protected) |
MCQ Traps
- Distractor: Saying Savigny requires ownership for possession. Correction: It requires the intention (animus) to hold as owner.
- Distractor: Claiming Ihering disregards corpus. Correction: Corpus is the primary element.
Example
A lends a car to B.
- Savigny: B has detention (no owner intent).
- Ihering: B has possession (visible control is protected).
Memory Hook
- Savigny = Subjective Animus (Soul/Mind focus).
- Ihering = Internal Habits (Visible Control/Fact focus).
Quick Revision
- Savigny: Corpus + Animus = Possession.
- Ihering: Control + Law's Protection = Possession.
- Nepal: Blended, pragmatic approach.