Muluki Civil Code, 2074 and Its Structure

2026-05-19

Exam Snapshot

• Enactment: Bhadra 30, 2074.
• Commencement: Bhadra 1, 2075.
• Structure: 6 Parts, 43 Chapters, 721 Sections.
• Significance: Replaced the ancient Muluki Ain, 2020 to modernize civil justice.

Core Concept

The Code is a systematic integration of Nepal's civil laws covering persons, family, property, contracts, and private international law. It balances traditional Hindu jurisprudence with modern human rights and Continental civil law.

Nepal Law Anchors

• Muluki Civil Code, 2074 (मुलुकी देवानी संहिता, २०७४).

Confusable Terms

• Part 5 vs Part 6: Part 5 covers Contracts and Obligations (including Tort); Part 6 covers Private International Law (Conflict of Laws).
• Civil Code vs. Criminal Code: Civil Code has 6 parts, 721 sections; Criminal Code has 3 parts, 308 sections.

MCQ Traps

• Tort Location: Tort (अपकृत्य) is defined under Part 5, not Part 6.
• Effective Date: The act was authenticated in 2074 but came into force in 2075 (a common exam distractor).

Example

A divorce case or a partition of property (अंशबन्डा) is governed by Part 3 (Family Law) of this Code.

Memory Hook

• P-P-F-P-C-P: Preliminary, Persons, Family, Property, Contracts, Private Intl Law.

Quick Revision

• Total Parts: 6.
• Total Sections: 721.
• Effective: 2075-05-01.
• Part 3: Family Law (Marriage, Divorce, Partition).